Radio frequency (RF) energy at power density levels of 1–10 mW/cm 2 or higher can cause measurable heating of tissues. The eyes and testes are particularly susceptible to radio frequency heating due to the paucity of blood flow in these areas that could otherwise dissipate the heat buildup. The heating effect varies with the power and the frequency of the electromagnetic energy, as well as the inverse square of distance to the source. For example, touching or standing around an antenna while a high-power transmitter is in operation can cause burns (the mechanism is the same as that used in a microwave oven). Dielectric heating from electromagnetic fields can create a biological hazard.
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